Prevalence of smart phone addiction among medical students

Background: The use of smart phone is very common specially in young individuals. Excessive use leads to smart phone addiction, which may have harmful effect on the health of individuals. Aims and Objectives: The aim of our study is to assess the smart phone usage in 1st-year medical students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we have included 187 students from 1st-year MBBS. Out of which 125 (66.84%) are boys and 62 (33.16%) are girls in age group of 18–22 years. All the data were collected in Google form. We have used smart phone addiction scale long version. The Google form was filled by students who are willing to participate in this study. Result: We have found that out of total 187 students, 96 (51.34%) students having high smart phone use, out of which 68 (54.40%) are boys and 28 (45.16%) are girls while 91 (48.66%) students having low smart phone use, out of which 57 (45.60%) are boys and 34 (54.84%) are girls. Conclusion: The high smart phone usages present in the student can be prevented by specific intervention programs at college level.

Smart Phone Chat Apps for Teaching and Assessment in Orthopaedic Residency Training

@#Introduction: Smart Phone Chat Apps (SPCA) is an integral part of people’s daily routine including orthopaedic education. SPCA facilitates efficient communication and learner-based management especially now as remote flexible learning is becoming the new norm in this COVID-19 pandemic medical training. The study described the use of a chat app (Viber) as experienced by residents and consultants in the Section of Adult Orthopaedics of the institution of the principal author. It described the mode and dynamics of the chat discussion amongst its participants, its perceived usefulness in teaching and learning specifically its relevance and applicability, its potential as a supplementary assessment tool, as well as its perceived effects. Materials and methods: This is a phenomenological study and strictly adhered to data privacy. The principal author conducted a participant observation of residents’ threemonth clinical rotation at the study site. Mobile phone screenshots of the chat interactions and focus group discussions with consultants and residents were done. Residents were also requested to complete a questionnaire. All qualitative data were iteratively content analysed and emerging themes were summarised using NViVO-12. Frequencies and percentage distribution were used to analyse quantitative data. Results: Respondents included eleven senior, four junior residents, and nine consultants. Results show that SPCA is a useful, applicable, and relevant teaching and assessment tool. Influxes of multiple ideas per case were discussed realtime as the chat exchanges and interactions helped in the planning of the surgical management and eventual decisionmaking. SPCA also served as an effective surgical case log and online library, as well as an efficient, rapid, economical mode of information dissemination. The residents reported that it helped in developing their emotional maturity through self-reflection and self-criticism in the performance of their cases. The consultants concurred and added that they too were updated professionally in certain fields in orthopaedics. Conclusion: The SPCA is a helpful, relevant, and acceptable adjunct teaching and learning tool for clinical teaching and can be, to a certain extent, a supplementary formative assessment tool of the resident’s communication skills, work ethics, initiative, and diligence.

Comparative study of nerve conduction parameters in peripheral nerves of upper limb (dominant hand) in mobile users with different usage time and type

Background: With the advancement in digital world, but smart phone usage has increased among all age groups but youngsters are involved in heavy gaming on smart phones which has led to increased risk of ill-effects especially on eyes and hands. Aim and Objectives: The study was designed to study the ill-effects of excessive usage if smart phones on peripheral nerves of hands especially of dominant hand among young adults. Materials and Methods: Nerve conduction study was performed on 100 young adults who were divided into three groups on the basis of mobile usage time. Nerve conduction velocities as well as distal latencies of motor and sensory nerves of the dominant hand were measured among different groups. Results: One-way ANOVA test was applied to study the results among different groups. Although no significant difference in conduction velocity or latency was observed in motor or sensory nerves among three groups, Ulnar sensory conduction velocity has been found to be slow as well as distal latency was found to be prolonged in third group with heavy usage of smart phones as compared to other groups. Conclusion: The reason for the above results could be due to less usage time in hours as well as in years due to which no significance differences were observed in conduction velocity/distal latency in our study. Hence, further studies are suggested with more sample size and more usage time in terms of years as well as in hours.

Smartphone as a tool for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunction / Uso do smartphone como ferramenta para avaliar disfunções de músculos oblíquos

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe a simple, accessible, and reliable method using a smartphone for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunctions. Methods: The photograph rotation tool in the iPhone PHOTO app was used by 75 examiners to evaluate 22 photographs from only 9 patients, captured in infra- and supra-dextroversion, and infra- and supra-levoversion, as not all the patients were photographed in the 4 positions mentioned. Each patient received a score for the superior and inferior oblique muscle functions, ranging from -4 (hypofunction) to 4 (hyperfunction) or 0 (normal function), using preediting and postediting photographs. These values were compared with the scores previously given by trained personnel in strabismus screening. The difference in score between the two groups was expressed in natural (whole and non-negative) numbers. The mean and pattern deviation were then calculated. Results: The scores of most of the edited photos showed a lower mean than those of the unedited ones, except for a patient with left superior oblique hyperfunction. The patients with no oblique dysfunction and those with right superior oblique hyperfunction demonstrated (after editing the photograph) scores with greater similarity with their initial scores (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Similar results were found in the patients with oblique hypofunctions and right inferior oblique hyperfunction (p<0.01). Conclusion: The proposed method for assessing muscular function in vertical strabismus is reproducible, accessible, simple, and reliable, and provides better consistency to the admeasurement.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrição de um método simples, acessível e confiável para a medida das disfunções dos músculos oblíquos, utilizando-se smartphone. Métodos: Foi utilizado o recurso de rotação de fotografias do aplicativo FOTOS do iPhone®; 75 examinadores avaliaram 22 fotos de 9 pacientes, obtidas em infra e supra dextroversão, infra e supra levoversão (nem todos os pacientes foram fotografados nas 4 posições citadas). Conferiu-se aos pacientes uma pontuação para a função do músculo oblíquo superior e músculo oblíquo inferior, que variou de -4 (negativo para hipofunção) a +4 (positivo para hiperfunção), ou 0 (normofuncionantes), antes e depois da edição das fotografias. Esses valores foram comparados à avaliação prévia atribuída pelos assistentes do estrabismo. Computou-se a diferença da pontuação entre eles em números naturais (inteiros e não negativos); foram calculadas média e desvio padrão dessas medidas. Resultado: A medida da maioria das fotos editadas apresentou média inferior as não editadas, à exceção de um paciente com hiperfunção de oblíquo superior esquerdo. Pacientes sem disfunção de oblíquos demonstraram, após edição das fotos, maior similaridade com o valor inicialmente determinado (p<0,05), assim como os pacientes com oblíquo superior direito hiperfuncionantes (p<0,01). Os mesmos resultados são encontrados nos pacientes com hipofunção dos oblíquos e hiperfunção de oblíquo inferior direito (p<0,01). Conclusão: O método utilizado para medida das funções musculares nos estrabismos verticais é reprodutível, acessível, simples, confiável, e confere maior uniformidade à aferição.

A study to evaluate pattern and purpose of smartphone usage and its dependence among medical students of government medical college in northern India

Background: Smartphone usage has become increasingly popular in recent decade. Though it’s of great utility in many aspects, excessive usage among youth has shown increased restlessness, careless lifestyles and greater susceptibility to stress. Aim & Objective: To assess the pattern and purpose of smartphone usage and its dependence among medical students. Methods & Material: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 363 MBBS students of 1st, IInd and IIIrd professional year at a government medical college. A 20-item self-administrated questionnaire, focusing on purpose and pattern of use of smart phone and its dependence was filled by all the students. Data was collected, entered and analysed using SPSS Software. Result: Among 363 students, 53% participants were males and rest were females. 80% students were using smartphone for more than 2 years, while 60% were having daily usage of more than 3 hours. Significant association between severity of smartphone dependence and variables like MBBS professional year, daily phone call made and received, daily SMS received, daily WhatsApp message sent and received were observed. Dependence was mild in 8.8% of the students; Moderate in 72.2% while 19% were suffering from severe smartphone dependence. Conclusion: Smart phone dependence is an established and emerging psychological issue which needs attention and intervention. It is of serious concern that all medical students were suffering from smartphone dependence with varying grades of severity. Increased awareness regarding the harmful effects of smartphone addiction is the need of hour.

Sensibilidad del reflejo rojo en lactantes, realizado por pediatras utilizando imágenes tomadas a través de un teléfono inteligente

RESUMEN Introducción: La primera evaluación ocular se realiza en el periodo neonatal con el reflejo rojo (RR). Objetivo: Determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad del reflejo rojo obtenido por medio de imágenes tomadas por pediatras con un teléfono inteligente, en niños menores de 24 meses. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional de pruebas diagnósticas que incluyo lactantes menores de 24 meses. Tuvo dos etapas, La primera fue la búsqueda del reflejo rojo en imágenes obtenidas con un teléfono inteligente con pantalla 1280 x720 y densidad de pixeles de 267ppp, con cámara posterior de 13 MP y Flash LED, realizado por una operadora pediatra, en el consultorio en penumbras, con el niño a 6 metros de distancia en brazos de la madre. La presencia del reflejo rojo en ambos ojos se consideró normal y la ausencia uní o bilateral anormal. La segunda etapa fue el examen oftalmológico, en forma ciega en relación con la primera evaluación pediátrica. El análisis de los datos se realizó en el SPSS, utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. El comité de ética institucional aprobó el protocolo con consentimiento informado. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 228 lactantes con mediana edad de 7 meses (rangos intercuartílicos de 5 a 11 meses) El reflejo rojo con el teléfono celular fue normal en 206/228 y anormal en 21/228 Al examen por oftalmología pediátrica fue normal en 219/228 y anormal en 9/228. La sensibilidad del test con el teléfono inteligente fue de 88% y la especificidad del 94%. Se detectaron patologías visuales en el 4%. Conclusiones: La detección del reflejo rojo por pediatras con un teléfono inteligente tuvo una sensibilidad del 88% y una especificidad del 94%, En el 4% se detectaron patologías oculares.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The first ocular evaluation is performed in the neonatal period observing the red reflex (RR). Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the red reflex obtained with images taken by pediatricians using a smartphone, in children under 24 months. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study of diagnostic testing. We included infants aged 24 months and under. The study had two stages, The first stage involved searching for the red reflex using images obtained with a smartphone with a 1280 x720 screen and a pixel density of 267 ppp, with a 13 MP rear camera and LED Flash, which was carried out by a pediatrician operator, in a darkened office, with the child held by the mother 6 meters away from the camera. Presence of the red reflex in both eyes was considered normal and a unilateral or bilateral absence was abnormal. The second stage was an ophthalmological examination, which was blinded in relation to the first pediatric evaluation. Data analysis was performed with SPSS, using descriptive statistics. The institutional ethics committee approved the protocol, and informed consent was obtained. Results: 228 infants with a median age of 7 months were included (interquartile ranges from 5 to 11 months). The red reflex with the cell phone was normal in 206/228 and abnormal in 21/228. On examination by pediatric ophthalmology, the exam was normal in 219 / 228 and abnormal in 9/228. The sensitivity of the test with the smartphone was 88% and the specificity 94%. Visual pathologies were detected in 4%. Conclusions: The detection of the red reflex by pediatricians with a smartphone had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 94%. Ocular pathologies were detected in 4% of subjects.

The Effects of 2100 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation on Thyroid Tissues

ABSTRACT Objective: To reveal the effect of 2100 MHz radio frequency (RF) radiation on thyroid tissues of rats in the 10 days (group E1) and 40 days (group G1) exposure groups. Methods: In this study, 30 healthy female Wistar albino rats, weighing 200−256 g each, were used. The animals were randomly divided into four groups (E1, E2, G1 and G2). Groups E2 and G2 served as the control groups. The exposure groups were exposed to 2100 MHz RF radiation emitted by a generator, simulating a 3G-mobile phone for 6 hours/day, 5 consecutive days/week, at the same time of the day (between 9 am and 3 pm), for 10 days (group E1) and 40 days (group G1). Results: Catalase and xanthine oxidase enzyme activities were compared between the groups E1 and E2; it was found that the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Between the groups G1 and G2, the difference was found to be significant with respect to catalase activities. Tissue samples of the early and late groups showed no serious pathological findings in the histopathological examination. Conclusion: We believe that comprehensive, clinical and experimental studies are needed to assess the effect of the RF exposure duration and dosage of exposure on thyroid tissues.

Self-Reported - Problematic Smartphone Usage: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: The number of smartphone users in India isshowing a rapidly increasing trend in the last few years. Theexpected user base is nearly one in three by 2021 in India.The evidence on compulsive smartphone use is growingmaking it an addiction along with raising concerns on othermental health issues. The current study aimed to find out theextent of problematic smart phone usage and various variablesassociated with smart phone addiction in the study population.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study wasconducted on 186 participants. Responses were recordedonline through a questionnaire on SAS-SV and analyzed bydescriptive statistics.Results: Study showed 24.2% (45 participants) of studypopulation have smart phone addiction. Male gender, earlyexposure to smart phone, low income, and residence in a citypredicted problematic smart phone usage.Conclusion: People across ages, residence, occupation, andsocial strata are involved with smart phone with one in fourbeing problematic smart phone users.

Impact of Smartphone Usage on the Academic Performance among Medical Students.

Mobile phones are considered as an essential part of day to day life. But its excessive use is detrimental to the mind and body; especially, for the young population. Even though there are many reports regarding the issues related to excessive use of smartphones and its impact on the academic and social life of college going students, research related to medical students is sparse. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of smartphone usage on academic performance of a selected group of medical students using a structured questionnaire.METHODSA survey-based study has conducted among randomly selected MBBS students (N=200), comprising of 85 males and 115 females, in the age group of 17-25 years. A self-administered and pre-tested questionnaire which includes questions on the effect of smart phone, was used.RESULTSResults of the survey showed that all the participants are using smart phones and agreed that it is an essential part of their life. Among these, only 12.2% of students are using it for academic purpose. Surprisingly 68.8% students use their mobile phone inside the classroom. 44.2% of the participants felt that their smartphones are distracting them from studies. They also reported that due to the overuse of smartphones they are unable to concentrate on studies (34.2%), it affects study habits and leads to poor performance in exams (40%), produces stress for the eyes (21%) and a decrease in overall academic performance (29.1%).CONCLUSIONSThe present study group of medical students felt that overuse of smartphone is the main reason for their poor academic performance. They also realise the ill effect of overuse of mobile phones on health. The present study helped us to create awareness among the participants regarding the impact of overuse of smartphones and how it is influencing their academic activities. Universities and colleges can also create awareness regarding mobile phone use.

The impact of smart phones and mobile devices on human health and life

Background: Overuse of smart devices provides comfort and problems both physically and mentally. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of smart phone and mobile devices on human health and life.Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted for three months in Dhaka city among general population aged 18 to 70 years. Four hundred and forty respondents were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected by face to face interview with a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Among 440 respondents majority (76.6%) were below 25 years where 72.0% were students. A large proportion (90.5%) used smart phones for communication, 53.4% used for less than 5 hours daily. Majority (65.7%) had other electronic devices, most common 197 (68.1%) were laptop users where 118 (40.8%) used for studying. More than half 322 (73.2%) used earphones, 91 (20.7%) had ear problems and 223 (50.7%) lacked concentration. Many 299 (68.0%) had good relationship with family members, 208 (47.3%) stated that increased use of mobile devices hampered family life, 88 (42.3%) thought it reduced quality family time. Majority users 253 (57.5%) experienced physical discomfort after prolonged use and 95 (37.7%) suffered from headache. Association between age of respondents and time spent on smart devices was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was significant (p<0.05) association between ear problem and ear phone usage.Conclusions: Excessive use of smart phones should be avoided and social awareness increased through health programmes. Potential risks of cell phones and smart devices can be avoided by limiting the use.

Personality beliefs as a predictor of smartphone addiction

Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the relation between smart phone addiction and personality beliefs of university students. Methods A total of 1007 students, 637 females (63.3%) and 370 males (36.7%) participated in the study. "Smart phone addiction scale short form" was used to measure smart phone addiction and "personality beliefs scale" was used to identify personality beliefs. Results According to the performed multiple regression analysis, it was found out that dependent, antisocial, narcissist, histrionic, borderline, paranoid personality, schizoid personality, obsessive compulsive personality, passive-aggressive personality and avoidant personality beliefs predicted smart phone addiction at significant level (R = 0.38, R2 = 0.15, p < 0.001). The mentioned variables explain 15% of the variance. An examination of the t-test shows that dependent personality (t = 5.585, p < 0.001), passive-aggressive personality (t = -4.485, p < .001) and paranoid personality (t = 2.901, p < .01) belief among the mentioned variables are a significant predictor of smart phone addiction. Discussion The obtained results show that dependent, passive-aggressive and paranoid personality beliefs are a significant predictor of smart phone addiction. Research findings are discussed in the light of relevant literature.

Premature Presbyopia and its Risk Factors - A Hospital based Study

Introduction: Presbyopia, a physiological insufficiency ofaccommodation, impairs the ability to perform near task.Considered as a disease of the forties, it reduces functionalefficiency of the individual as well as the society since itaffects the majority of working population. This study was aneffort to evaluate the risk factors that can lead to its earlieronset. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequencyof risk factors associated with premature presbyopia in ahospital-based study in Sundergarh district, Odisha.Material and Methods: It was a hospital-based study carriedout at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Rourkela fromOctober 2016 to October 2018. Patients aged 30 years or morewho presented with difficulties in near work were includedin the study. Premature presbyopic was defined as presbyopicperson aged less than 40 years. Premature presbyopics werefurther subjected to a questionnaire and detailed examinationafter taking informed consent.Results: The mean age of presentation in prematurepresbyopics was 36.2 years and the average correction requiredwas 1.22 D. Among the total number of persons presentingwith presbyopia about one-eighth (12.03%) presented before40 years. Female sex, occupation requiring near work,exposure to sunlight for longer duration and hypermetropiawere most common risk factors over all. Among malessmoking, alcohol, exposure to higher temperature (factoryworkers) were significant risk factors. Multiparity, anemia andpremature menopause presented as important risk factors infemales. Smart phone usage was found to be an important riskfactor in urban population.Conclusion: Early presentation of presbyopia reducesthe functional efficiency of the individual. Evaluation ofrisk factors will help to determine the population at risk ofpremature presbyopia and their prompt management can bedone with near correction

A cross-sectional study on the factors influencing juvenile delinquency in the government juvenile home, Hyderabad, Telangana

Background: Juvenile is a boy who has not attained 16 yrs and a girl who has not attained 18 yrs. Any offence thefts/robbery, attempt to murder/murder, rape, addictions and any deviation from normal behavior like truancy, vandalism, immorality and ungovernability is termed as delinquency. According to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) (2016), Telangana is holding 16th rank and among the metropolitan cities, Hyderabad is contributing to 11th rank based on percentage share in India on Juvenile crime. The objective of the study was to study the factors influencing the juvenile delinquency.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study is carried out for a period of three months in the Government Juvenile homes of Hyderabad, Telangana. All the inmates of the male and female juvenile homes (n=200) available at the time of study who were willing to participate were interviewed. Those who were sick and not cooperative were excluded. A semi-structured questionnaire completed through interviews and studying the subjects’ records and ISRD3 questionnaire were used. Institutional ethical clearance was taken before starting the study.Results: 77.5% (155) were males and 22.5% (55) were females. 16.5% (33) were 6-10 yr age group and 83.5% (167) were above 11 yrs. The mean age (yrs) is 14.02±2.96. 18% (36) didn’t attend school and 82% (164) attended school. Age, sex, school attending and the time spent with the parents have shown significance (p<0.05) in the delinquency.Conclusions: The peer influence, smart phone usage, influence of movies and truancy from home also showed significance (p<0.05) in the delinquency.

Clinical Profile and Etiology of Neonatal Seizures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Introduction: Presbyopia, a physiological insufficiency ofaccommodation, impairs the ability to perform near task.Considered as a disease of the forties, it reduces functionalefficiency of the individual as well as the society since itaffects the majority of working population. This study was aneffort to evaluate the risk factors that can lead to its earlieronset. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequencyof risk factors associated with premature presbyopia in ahospital-based study in Sundergarh district, Odisha.Material and Methods: It was a hospital-based study carriedout at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Rourkela fromOctober 2016 to October 2018. Patients aged 30 years or morewho presented with difficulties in near work were includedin the study. Premature presbyopic was defined as presbyopicperson aged less than 40 years. Premature presbyopics werefurther subjected to a questionnaire and detailed examinationafter taking informed consent.Results: The mean age of presentation in prematurepresbyopics was 36.2 years and the average correction requiredwas 1.22 D. Among the total number of persons presentingwith presbyopia about one-eighth (12.03%) presented before40 years. Female sex, occupation requiring near work,exposure to sunlight for longer duration and hypermetropiawere most common risk factors over all. Among malessmoking, alcohol, exposure to higher temperature (factoryworkers) were significant risk factors. Multiparity, anemia andpremature menopause presented as important risk factors infemales. Smart phone usage was found to be an important riskfactor in urban population.Conclusion: Early presentation of presbyopia reducesthe functional efficiency of the individual. Evaluation ofrisk factors will help to determine the population at risk ofpremature presbyopia and their prompt management can bedone with near correction.

Image acquisition with smart phone applied in ophthalmology residency training program / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To describe the application of image acquisition function of smart phone with slit lamp examination in the ophthalmology residency training program.<p>METHODS: The supporting set for smart phone can be securely connected to the ocular lens of slit lamp microscopy. The anterior or fundus photos and dynamic videos were obtained through slit lamp examination with non-contact lens, three-mirror lens or gonio lens. Acquired images or recorded videos were transmitted to ophthalmology trainee by using wireless local area network(WLAN), WeChat and other software.<p>RESULTS: High quality images and dynamic video could be successfully taken with smart phone and supporting set by slit lamp examination, which could clearly display tissue details and pathological features. The fast transmission of image data can enable more trainees to access clinic education resource simultaneously and communicate with each other timely and effectively.<p>CONCLUSION: High resolution smart phones are wildly used and supporting sets are very accessible; thus high quality of images could be easily obtained for clinical teaching purpose. Furthermore, it enriches the clinical teaching resources. So the application of image acquisition function of smart phone with slit lamp examination is worthy in the standardized training of ophthalmology residents.

Melhores escolhas alimentares entre usuários do Guia Alimentar Digital: um relatório do Brasil / Better food choices among users of the Digital Food Guide: a report from Brazil / Mejores opciones de alimentos entre los usuarios da Guía Alimentaria Digital: un informe de Brasil

O acesso fácil à informação possibilita a oportunidade de promover escolhas alimentares saudáveis. Este estudo apresenta o Guia Alimentar Digital (GAD), aplicativo para smartphones, e avalia sua capacidade de promover escolhas alimentares saudáveis. Usuários registram sua ingestão alimentar e recebem dados dos grupos alimentares e Índice de Qualidade da Dieta, pontuação associada ao GAD. Este estudo analisou a ingestão alimentar e peso corporal relatados de 442 usuários de ambos os sexos, entre 19 e 50 anos. Após usar o aplicativo, aproximadamente um terço dos participantes melhoraram seu padrão alimentar e 60% perderam peso (p < 0,01). A percentagem de indivíduos que consumiram dieta de qualidade ruim diminuiu 8,5%, aqueles que obtiveram qualidade intermediária aumentaram 6,8% e os de alta qualidade aumentaram 1,6% (p = 0,01). Tecnologias da informação podem ser recursos adicionais, apoiando a educação nutricional e ajudando as pessoas a comerem conscientemente com resultados positivos para a saúde.(AU)

Easy access to information provides an opportunity to promote healthy food choices. This study presents the Digital Food Guide (DFG), an application for smartphones, and assesses its ability to promote healthy food choices. Users record their food intake and receive data regarding food groups and Diet Quality Index, a score associated with the DFG. This study analyzed the reported food intake and body weight of 442 users of both genders aged 19 to 50 years. After using the app, approximately one-third of the participants improved their dietary pattern and 60% lost weight (p < 0.01). The percentage of individuals consuming a poor-quality diet decreased by 8.5%, individuals consuming an intermediate-quality diet increased by 6.8% and individuals consuming a high-quality diet increased by 1.6% (p = 0.01). Information technologies may be additional resources by supporting nutritional education, thus helping individuals to eat consciously with positive health outcomes.

Acceso fácil a la información posibilita oportunidad de promover escojas alimentares saludables. Este estudio presenta la Guía de Alimentación Digital (GAD), la aplicación para smartphones, y su capacidad de promover escojas alimentares saludables. Usuarios registran su información y reciben datos de los grupos alimentarios y del Índice de Calidad de la Dieta, pontuación asociada a GAD. Este estudio compara un ingestión alimentaria y un peso corporal relatados de 442 usuarios de ambos sexos, entre 19 y 50 años. Después de usar el programa, aproximadamente un tercio de los dos mejoró su patrón alimentario y 60% pierderon peso (p < 0,01). Un porcentaje de consumo que consumió la dieta de calidad disminuyó un 8,5%, lo que aumentó el 6,8% y aumentó 1,6% (p = 0,01). Tecnologías de la información pueden ser recursos adicionales, apoyo a la educación nutricional y ayudar a las personas a comer conscientemente con resultados positivos de salud.

Effect of short-term breathing exercise training on perceived stress and Stroop effect in chronic smartphone users

Background: Mobile phones occupy a significant place in our day to day life. Psychological stress involves the relationship between an individual and the environment and this is appraised by the individual as a threat to his wellbeing. Stroop effect is considered as an indicator of attention disorder and general mood fluctuations. Aim: To study the effect of six weeks of breathing exercise training on perceived stress and stroop effect in chronic smart phone users. Materials and methods: After obtaining approval from the Institute Human Research and Ethics Committee, present study was conducted at Department of Physiology, Govt. Thiruvarur Medical College, Thiruvarur on 60 healthy volunteers (30 females and 30 males) who use smart phones more than 4 hours/day for 1 year were included in the study. Breathing exercise training was given to them for 15 minutes in two sessions per day for 5 days in a week for a total period of 6 weeks. Perceived Stress Score (PSS) and Stroop effect was recorded before and after 6 weeks of study period. Intergroup comparison was done by Student’s unpaired t-test. and intra group comparison was done by Student’s paired t-test. Dinesh T, Dinesh Kumar E, Rajajeyakumar M, Charumathi V. Effect of short-term breathing exercise training on perceived stress and Stroop effect in chronic smartphone users. IAIM, 2018; 5(11): 1-7. Page 2 Results: Average age of the male and female volunteers was 19.9 +1.18 and 19.5+1.07 respectively. There was a significant decrease in Perceived Stress (p<0.001 and p<0.01) among the male and female volunteers respectively. Also there was a statistically significant improvement in stroop effect in male (p<0.001) and female volunteers (p<0.01). The improvements were higher in males compared to females. Conclusion: Results of our study indicates that regular practice of breathing exercises even for short duration like six weeks improves autonomic functions, reduces perceived stress which in turn improves stoop effect

Applied research on diabetes management system based on Android system platform / 中国医学装备

Objective: To research a intelligent mobile APP information platform is used to carry out remote diagnosis and treatment services for the patients with diabetes so as to improve the medical experience and treatment compliance of the patients with diabetes. Methods: The patient's physiological information data that were obtained from home wearable medical devices were collected through the Bluetooth technique by using wireless mobile network. And the APP system was used to carry out remote online multi-channel communication between doctor and patient, and was applied to establish relevant health records. Results: The control rate of blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipid and other indicators of patients with diabetics have been increased from 33% to 70%, and the filing rate of health records of patients also has been increased from 29% to 85%. Conclusion: The application of multi-channel multimedia interconnect platform and the integration of health data of patients with diabetes can ensure patients to complete treatment in least process, and it can provided convenient communication in real time for doctor and patients. And it also can greatly enhance the efficiency for the management of diabetes, improve satisfaction of patient, reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and the complications of diabetes.

Application of smart phone and supporting set for fundus imaging in primary hospital of rural area / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To describe the application of smart phone and supporting set for acquiring fundus images with slitlamp examination and non-contact lens in primary hospital of the rural area.METHODS:The supporting set for smart phone was purchased from taobao and securely connected to the ocular lens of slitlamp microscopy.The fundus photos were imaged with assistance of non-contact slitlamp lens from Volk.RESULTS:High quality images of various retinal diseases could be successfully taken with smart phone and supporting set by slitlamp examination.The fundus images were send to patients with Wechat as medical records or used for telconsultant.CONCLUSION:High resolution smart phones are wildly used nowadays and supporting sets are very accessible;thus high quality of images could be obtained with minimal cost in rural hospitals.The digital fundus images will be beneficial for medical record and rapid diagnosis with telconsultant.

Application of electronic fence technology based on GIS in Oncomelania hu-pensis snail monitoring / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To study the application of Geographic Information System(GIS)electronic fence technique in Onco-melania hupensis snail monitoring. Methods The electronic fence was set around the history and existing snail environments in the electronic map,the information about snail monitoring and controlling was linked to the electronic fence,and the snail moni-toring information system was established on these bases. The monitoring information was input through the computer and smart phone. Results The electronic fence around the history and existing snail environments was set in the electronic map(Baidu map),and the snail monitoring information system and smart phone APP were established. The monitoring information was input and upload real-time,and the snail monitoring information was demonstrated in real time on Baidu map. Conclusion By using the electronic fence technology based on GIS,the unique"environment electronic archives"for each snail monitoring environ-ment can be established in the electronic map,and real-time,dynamic monitoring and visual management can be realized.